What does the ERK MAPK pathway do?
The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
What does ERK pathway mean?
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is one of the major signaling cassettes of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
What is ERK in cell signaling?
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) affects cell growth by controlling many proteins involved in translation regulation. ERK directly phosphorylates and activates the RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and Pol III transcription factors UBF1, RRN3 and BRF1.
What is MAPK in MAPK pathway?
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules containing three sequentially activated protein kinases are key components of a series of vital signal transduction pathways that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell death in eukaryotes from yeast to humans (Fig.
What kind of signaling molecule is MAPK?
A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase).
What does ERK do in the nucleus?
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK) are central signaling components that regulate stimulated cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. When dysregulated, these kinases participate in the induction and maintenance of various pathologies, primarily cancer.
What type of signaling molecule is MAPK?
What is downstream of ERK?
Downstream from ERK. The ERKs are proline-directed protein kinases, phosphorylating proline-neighboring serine or threonine residues. Docking sites present on physiological substrates confer additional specificity.
What are the MAPK signaling components?
At present, four different mammalian MAPK cascades have been identified, and named according to their MAPK components: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5.
Which transcription factors does ERK activate?
ERKs can directly phosphorylate a set of transcription factors including Ets-1, c-Jun and c-Myc. ERK can also phosphorylate and activate RSK, which then leads to the activation of the transcription factor CREB.
Is ERK a transcription factor?
ERK phosphorylation of an ETS transcription factor is one mechanism of activating the RAS/ERK gene expression program that can promote cancer cell phenotypes such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis.
Is RAF a MAPK?
Raf activation stimulates a signaling cascade by phosphorylation of MAPK which successively phosphorylate and activate downstream proteins such as ERK1 and ERK2 (figure 1). Activation of ERK is critical for a large number of Ras-induced cellular responses.