When was Pmtct introduced in South Africa?
Roll-out of a national PMTCT programme began in 2002, but only after the government was forced to do so by a Constitutional Court ruling. Figure 1. HIV prevalence trends among antenatal women, South Africa 1990 to 2012.
What are the 4 elements of Pmtct?
The four components of the comprehensive PMTCT programme endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF are:
- primary prevention of HIV among women of childbearing age.
- prevention of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV.
- prevention of HIV transmission from a woman living with HIV to her infant.
How is Pmtct implemented?
Conclusion: The PMTCT program is implemented according to the national policy in this district. Earlier ART initiation and improved compliance, education of healthcare workers, more focused counseling sessions and improving community awareness of early antenatal visits may improve effectiveness of this program.
When do you stop NVP prophylaxis?
Because of the time lag to reduction in maternal viral load, the infant should continue daily NVP until the mother has received at least 6 weeks of ART before discontinuing infant prophylaxis.
Why is nevirapine not used in PEP?
In 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended avoiding the use of nevirapine for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after several high profile life-threatening side-effects of nevirapine – including liver failure and severe skin reactions – were reported amongst people taking nevirapine as PEP.
When is nevirapine given?
In many developing countries, a two-dose regimen of nevirapine (NVP) around the time of birth is advocated as the most cost-effective way to prevent mother to child HIV transmission. One dose is taken by the mother at the onset of labour and one dose is given to her baby, between 48 and 72 hours after birth.
What schedule is nevirapine?
In the absence of any guidance to inform the multiple daily dosing of nevirapine for prophylaxis of VT, we are currently using the treatment dose for infants >15 days of age of 150 mg/m2 once daily for 14 days, then increasing to 150 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days.
Why is newborn given nevirapine?