What causes endocardial Fibroelastosis?
Causes. Some cases of endocardial fibroelastosis occur as a result of random changes (mutations), with no apparent cause (sporadic). These cases are known as endocardial fibroelastosis 1 (EFE1). Others cases are thought to be inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait.
What does myocardial fibrosis cause?
Myocardial fibrosis is an important part of cardiac remodeling that leads to heart failure and death. Myocardial fibrosis results from increased myofibroblast activity and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Various cells and molecules are involved in this process, providing targets for potential drug therapies.
What is the most common identifiable cause of secondary cardiomyopathy?
Mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis are the most common causes of heart failure, secondary to valvar disease.
What drugs cause myocardial fibrosis?
Antimigraine drugs These drugs include ergotamine and methysergide and both drugs can also cause cardiac fibrosis.
What are the symptoms of myocardial fibrosis?
The lungs and the lymph glands between the lungs are frequently affected, and symptoms may include coughing and difficulty breathing. The heart may also be affected, resulting in abnormal heartbeat patterns (conduction block, atrial arrhythmia or ventricular arrhythmia) and/or heart failure.
What causes secondary cardiomyopathy?
Viral infections may cause inflammation of heart muscle (myocarditis) with temporary or potentially permanent damage to heart muscles cells leading to a secondary cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathies occur when the heart muscle fibers are abnormally stretched when the heart chambers increase in size and volume.
What is the role of endocardium?
Anatomic function: A tissue covering the inside of the heart, the endocardium keeps the blood flowing through the heart separate from the myocardium, or cardiac muscles. It also lines the valves, which open and close to regulate blood flow through the chambers of the heart.
Why is the endocardium important?
First, the endocardium provides a smooth surface for the inside of the heart. This smooth surface allows blood to freely flow along the tissues. This is very important. Without this layer, blood components could stick to the walls of the heart and cause damage to the tissues or even lead to blockages.
What is the purpose of the endocardium?
Where does cardiac fibrosis occur?
Cardiac fibrosis is a scarring event in the cardiac muscle that is characterized by an increased collagen type I deposition as well as cardiac fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts [5].
Is myocardial fibrosis reversible?
Both experimental and clinical evidence suggests that cardiac fibrotic alterations may be reversible. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression and resolution of cardiac fibrosis is crucial to design anti-fibrotic treatment strategies for patients with heart disease.
How is myocardial fibrosis diagnosed?
Detection of Myocardial Fibrosis by Collagen Biomarkers. The measurement of various serum peptides arising from the metabolism of collagen types I and III, of degradation fragments (carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen), and of specific metalloproteinases may provide a noninvasive assessment of fibrosis.
What is another name for cardiomyopathy?
Types of Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), also known as congestive cardiomyopathy: Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in children, and ischemic cardiomyopathy is the most common type of dilated cardiomyopathy.