What are the factors affecting antigen and antibody interaction?
It is controlled by three major factors: antibody epitope affinity, the valence of both the antigen and antibody, and the structural arrangement of the interacting parts.
What is an antigen and what is an antibody how do they interact?
Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response. Each antigen has distinct surface features, or epitopes, resulting in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.
What is the first step in the antigen antibody interaction?
In the first stage (sensitization), the antibody binds to the red cell or sensitizes it. In the second stage, the sensitized red cells agglutinate. Although sensitization occurs first, it and agglutination ultimately overlap to some extent.
What is antigen and antibody?
Antigen vs antibody An antigen is a foreign substance that enters your body. This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, venom and other various toxins. An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens.
What is the principle of antigen-antibody reaction?
Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction. The antigens and antibodies combine by a process called agglutination.
What is the first step in the antigen-antibody interaction?
What is antigen-antibody reaction example?
The most common application of antigen–antibody reactions is in diagnostics using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For example, ELISA can be used to detect an antibody to HIV; this is known as indirect or sandwich ELISA.
What is antigen-antibody reaction called?
identical epitope or have similar chemical properties. The interaction between antibody and a particulate antigen results in visible clumping called agglutination. Antibodies that produce such reactions are called agglutinins. Better agglutination takes place with IgM antibody than with IgG antibodies.
What are 5 types of antigens?
There are different types of antigens on the basis of origin:
- Exogenous Antigens. Exogenous antigens are the external antigens that enter the body from outside, e.g. inhalation, injection, etc.
- Endogenous Antigens.
- Autoantigens.
- Tumour Antigens.
- Native Antigens.
- Immunogen.
- Hapten.